| NATIONAL SAFETY CODE STANDARD 10 - CARGO SECUREMENT September 23, 2004 |
| INTERPRETATION | ||
| -PART 1- GENERAL PROVISIONS |
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| -- Application -- Inspection |
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| Division 2 - General Performance Criteria | ||
| -- Cargo securement systems -- Performance criteria -- Appropriate system -- Equivalent Means of Securement |
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| Division 3 - Requirements for Cargo Securement Systems | ||
| -- Exemption -- General Requirement -- Minimum Strength of Securement System -- Securing Devices Marked With Working Load Limit -- Unmarked Securing Devices -- Steel strapping -- Blocking Systems to Prevent Forward Movement -- Rub rails -- Timber -- Placement of Articles of Cargo -- Prevention of Rolling |
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| Division 4 - Tiedowns | ||
| -- Tension -- Edge protectors -- Working load limit -- Minimum number |
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| Division 5 - Front End Structures | ||
| -- Application -- Height and width -- Strength -- Penetration resistance |
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-part 2- Specific Securement Requirements by Commodity Type |
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| Applicability | ||
| Division 1 - Logs | ||
-- Application |
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| Division 2 - Dressed Lumber | ||
-- Application |
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| Division 3 - Metal Coils | ||
| -- Application -- Coils transported with eyes vertical by a vehicle or an intermodal container with anchor points -- Coils transported with eyes crosswise by a vehicle or an intermodal container with anchor points -- Coils transported with eyes lengthwise by a vehicle or an intermodal container with anchor points -- Rows of coils -- Prohibitions -- Securement of Coils Transported in a Sided Vehicle or Intermodal -- Container without Anchor Points |
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| Division 4 - Paper Rolls | ||
| -- Application -- Friction mats -- Chocks, wedges and blocking -- Banding -- Single layer of paper rolls transported eyes vertical in a sided vehicle -- Split cargo of paper rolls transported with eyes vertical in a sided vehicle -- Stacked cargo of paper rolls transported with eyes vertical in a sided vehicle -- Single layer of paper rolls transported eyes crosswise in a sided vehicle -- Rear doors -- Stacked cargo of paper rolls transported eyes crosswise in a sided vehicle -- Single layer of paper rolls transported eyes lengthwise in a sided vehicle -- Stacked cargo of paper rolls transported eyes lengthwise in a sided vehicle -- Cargo of paper rolls transported with eyes vertical or with eyes lengthwise on a flatbed vehicle or in a curtain sided vehicle -- Cargo of paper rolls transported with eyes crosswise on a flatbed vehicle or in a curtain sided vehicle |
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| Division 5 -Concrete Pipe | ||
| -- Application -- Tiedowns -- Blocking -- Multi-sized pipe -- Arranging layers -- Bell Pipe -- Single layer or Bottom layer, small pipe -- Tiedowns for securing layers of small concrete pipes -- Top layer, small pipes -- Large pipes |
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| Division 6 - Intermodal Containers | ||
| -- Application -- Intermodal container transported on Container chassis vehicle -- Loaded intermodal container transported on other vehicles -- Empty intermodal container transported on other vehicles |
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| Division 7 - Vehicles as Cargo | ||
| -- Application -- Light vehicles -- Heavy vehicles -- Flattened or crushed light vehicles -- Prohibition -- Securement system for immobilizing stacks of flattened or crushed vehicles -- Containment of Loose Parts |
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| Division 8 - Roll-on/roll-off and Hook Lift Containers | ||
| -- Application -- Replacement of Securing Devices -- No integral securement system |
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| Division 9 - Boulders | ||
| -- Application -- Positioning on vehicle -- Tiedown -- Number of tiedowns |
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-part 3- DEFAULT WORKING LOAD LIMITS |
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-- Chain |
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-part 4- MANUFACTURING STANDARDS |
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INTERPRETATIONS |
1. In this Standard,
"anchor point" means the part of the structure, fitting or attachment on a vehicle or cargo to which a tiedown is attached;
"bell pipe" means concrete pipe with a flanged end that is bigger in diameter than the
barrel;
"blocking" means a substantial structure, device or article placed against or around
cargo to prevent horizontal movement;
"bolster" means a transverse, load bearing, structural horizontal component of a bunk
securing device;
"boulder" means a single piece of natural or quarried, irregularly shaped rock
(a) that weighs 5 000 kilograms or more, or
(b) that has a volume of more than 2 cubic metres;
"bracing" means a structure, device or article placed against another structure, device
or article to prevent tipping;
"bulkhead" means a vertical barrier across a vehicle to prevent the cargo moving
forward;
"bundle" means articles that have been unitized for the purpose of securing them as a
single article with a uniform shape;
"bunk" means a horizontal bolster that
(i) is installed transversely across a vehicle, and
(ii) is fitted with a stake at each end;
"cab shield" means a vertical barrier
(i) placed directly behind the cab of a truck or truck tractor, and
(ii) capable of protecting the driver if cargo moves forward;
"cargo" means all articles or material carried by a vehicle, including those used in the
operation of the vehicle
"cargo securement system" means the method by which cargo is contained or secured and includes vehicle structures, securing devices and all components of the system
"chock" means a tapered or wedge-shaped part used to prevent round articles
from rolling
"cleat" means a short piece of material nailed to the deck to reinforce blocking;
"coil bunk" means a device that keeps the timbers supporting a metal coil in place;
"contained" with respect to cargo means that
(i) the cargo fills a sided vehicle,
(ii) every article is in contact with or close to a wall or other articles, and
(iii) the cargo cannot move or tip;
"container chassis vehicle" means a vehicle specifically built for and fitted with locking devices for the transport of intermodal containers;
"cradle" means a structure that holds a circular article and prevents it from rolling;
"cylinder well" means the depression formed between 2 cylindrical articles when they are laid against each other with their eyes horizontal and parallel;
"deck" means the floor of a vehicle onto which the cargo is loaded;
"dunnage" means loose material used to support and protect cargo;
"duty status" means, in respect of a driver, any of the following periods:
(i) off-duty time spent in a sleeper berth;
(ii) off-duty time, other than time spent in a sleeper berth;
(iii) driving time; or
(iv) on-duty time, other than driving time.
"edge protector" means a device put on the exposed edge of an article of cargo
(i) to protect a tiedown or the article from damage, or
(ii) to distribute tiedown forces over a greater area;
"flatbed vehicle" means a vehicle with a deck but no permanent sides;
"forward" with respect to a vehicle means towards the cab or engine;
"frame vehicle" means a vehicle for transporting logs that has a skeletal structure fitted with a front bunk and a rear bunk that together cradle a stack of logs as an integral part of the vehicle;
"friction mat" means a device placed between a deck and cargo, or between articles of cargo, that increases the friction between them;
"front end structure" means a vertical barrier across the front of a deck that prevents cargo moving forward;
"heavy vehicle" means
(i) a vehicle that weighs more than 4 500 kilograms, or
(ii) equipment or machinery that operates on wheels or tracks and weighs more than 4 500 kilograms;
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"Hook-lift Container" means a specialized container that is loaded and unloaded onto a tilt frame body by an articulating hook-arm.
"integral locking device " means a device that is designed and used to restrain an article of cargo by connecting and locking attachment points on the article to anchor points on the vehicle;
"integral securement system" means a roll-on/roll-off container or a Hook-lift Container and the vehicle used to transport them which are equipped with compatible front and rear hold-down devices which secure the container to the vehicle;
"intermodal container" means a reusable, transportable container that is specially
designed with integral locking devices to secure it to a container chassis vehicle;
"large pipe" means concrete pipe with an inside diameter of more than 114.3
centimetres;
"lengthwise" means along the vehicle from the cab or tongue at the front to the rear;
"light vehicle" means
(i) an automobile, truck or van that weighs 4 500 kilograms or less, or
(ii) a piece of equipment or machinery that operates on wheels or tracks and weighs 4 500 kilograms or less;
"log" includes a utility pole, a treated pole and a building component of a log cabin;
"longwood" means logs longer than 4.9 m;
"pallet" means a platform or tray on which cargo is placed so that it can be handled as
a unit;
"pole trailer" means a trailer with a frame that consists only of a drawbar;
"rail vehicle" means a vehicle fitted with stakes at the front and rear to contain logs
loaded crosswise;
"restrain" includes prevent from tipping or moving;
"Roll-on / Roll-off Container" means a specialized container which is loaded and unloaded onto a tilt frame body by a lifting mechanism in conjunction with rollers which are fixed to the container
"rub rail" means a rail along the side of a vehicle that protects the side of the vehicle
from impact;
"securing device" means a device specifically designed and manufactured to attach,
restrain or secure cargo;
"shoring bar" means a device placed transversely between the walls of a vehicle and cargo to prevent the cargo from tipping or moving;
"shortwood" means logs that are not more than 4.9 metres long;
"sided vehicle" means a vehicle, including a van, a dump bodied vehicle and a
sided intermodal container carried by vehicle, with a cargo compartment that is
enclosed on all sides by walls
(i) that are strong enough to contain the cargo, and
(ii) that may have latched openings for loading and unloading;
"small pipe" means concrete pipe with an inside diameter of up to 114.3 centimetres;
"spacer" means material placed under an article, or between layers of articles, to make loading and unloading easier;
"stake" means a part, including a standard, that
(i) is mounted close to vertical on a vehicle frame or as part of a bunk, and
(ii) that immobilizes cargo placed against it;
"strapping" means tensioned strips of material that are clamped or crimped back on
themselves;
"tiedown" means a combination of securing devices that are attached to one or more
anchor points on a vehicle;
"transport" means the carriage of cargo by a vehicle while on a highway
"unitized" means wrapped, banded or bound together so that several articles can be
handled as a single article of cargo or behave as a single article;
"vehicle" means a truck, a truck tractor, individually or in combination with one or more
semitrailers or trailers
"void filler" means material that is
(i) used to fill a space between the cargo and the structure of the vehicle, and
(ii) is strong enough to prevent the cargo from moving;
"working load limit" means the maximum load that may be applied to a component of a cargo securement system during normal service determined in accordance with
Divisions 3 and 4 of Part 1.
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part 1 - general provisions |
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division 1 - application |
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(1) This Standard applies to a vehicle or combination of vehicles
(a) transporting cargo on a highway, and
(b) exceeding a registered gross vehicle weight of 4 500 kilograms.
(2) This Standard applies when an intermodal container is used to transport cargo.
Inspection
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(1) The driver of a vehicle shall
(a) inspect the vehicle to confirm that the vehicle's tailgate, tailboard, doors, tarpaulins and spare tire, and other equipment used in its operation, are secured,
(b) ensure that the cargo does not interfere with the driver's ability to drive the vehicle safely, and
(c) ensure that the cargo does not interfere with the free exit of a person from the cab or driver's compartment of the vehicle.
(2) The driver of a vehicle shall inspect the vehicle's cargo and the cargo
securement system used and make necessary adjustments:
(a) before driving the vehicle, and
(b) not more than 80 kilometres from the point where the cargo was loaded,
(3) The driver of a vehicle shall re-inspect the vehicle's cargo and the cargo
securement system used and make necessary adjustments to the cargo or cargo
securement system as necessary, including adding more securing devices, at the
earliest of the time
(a) there is a change of duty status of the driver,
(b) the vehicle has been driven for 3 hours; or
(c) the vehicle has been driven for 240 kilometres.
(4) Subsections (2) and (3) do not apply to a driver where
(a) the cargo is sealed in a vehicle and the driver has been ordered not to open it to inspect the cargo, or
(b) the vehicle is loaded in a manner that makes the cargo, or portions of the cargo, inaccessible.
(5) The driver of a vehicle transporting logs, before the vehicle enters a highway
from a private road, shall:
(a) inspect the vehicle, the logs and the securing devices to ensure compliance with this Standard,and
(b) make necessary adjustments to the securing devices, including
adding more securing devices.
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division 2 - general performance criteria |
Cargo Securement Systems
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(1) Cargo securement systems, and each component of a system, used to contain,
immobilize or secure cargo on or within the vehicle shall be strong enough to
withstand the forces described in section 5(1).
(2) The components of the cargo securement system of a vehicle.
(a) shall be in proper working order,
(b) shall be fit for the purpose for which they are used,
(c) shall have no knots, damaged or weakened components that will adversely affect their performance for cargo securement purposes, and
(d) shall not have any cracks or cuts.
(3) A securing device or integral locking device used to secure cargo to a vehicle
shall itself be secured in a manner that prevents it from becoming unfastened while
the vehicle is on a highway.
Performance Criteria
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(1) The cargo securement system shall be capable of withstanding the forces that
result if the vehicle is subjected to each of the following accelerations:
(a) 0.8 g deceleration in a forward direction;
(b) 0.5 g deceleration in a rearward direction;
(c) 0.5 g acceleration in either sideways direction.
(2) The cargo securement system shall provide a downward force equal to at least
20 % of the weight of an article of cargo if the article is not fully contained within the
structure of the vehicle.
(3) The load on a component of a cargo securement system that reacts to a force
referred to in subsection (1) or (2), shall not exceed the working load limit of the
component.
Appropriate system
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(1) The cargo securement system used to contain, immobilize or restrain cargo shall be appropriate for the size, shape, strength and characteristics of the cargo.
(2) The securing devices used to secure cargo on or within a vehicle shall be
(a) designed and constructed for the purpose for which they are used, and
(b) used and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Equivalent Means of Securement
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Where cargo transported by a vehicle is contained, immobilized or secured in accordance with the applicable requirements of Divisions 3, 4 and 5 and Part 2, it meets the requirements of Section 5.
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division 3 - requirements for cargo securement systems |
Exemption
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This Division does not apply to the transportation of a commodity that is transported
in bulk, lacks structure, fixed shape or is fluid, and is transported in
(a) a tank, hopper, box or container that is manufactured as part of the vehicle in which it is transported, or
(b) a vehicle that is specifically manufactured to transport the commodity.
General Requirement
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\Cargo shall be firmly immobilized or secured on or within a vehicle by structures of adequate strength, blocking, bracing, dunnage or dunnage bags, shoring bars, tiedowns or a combination of these.
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Minimum Strength of Securement System
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(1) In this section, the "aggregate working load limit" is the sum of One-half of the working load limit for each end section of a tiedown that is attached to an anchor point.
(2) The aggregate working load limit of the cargo securement system used to secure an article of cargo on or within a vehicle shall not be less than 50% of the weight of the article.
(3) The aggregate working load limit of the cargo securement system used to secure a group of articles of cargo on or within a vehicle shall be not less than 50% of the total weight of the group.
Securing Devices Marked With Working Load Limit
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(1) The working load limit of a tiedown or a component of a tiedown that is marked by its manufacturer with a numeric working load limit is the marked working load limit.
(2) A tiedown or a component of a tiedown that is marked by its manufacturer in accordance with a standard referred to in Part 4 has a working load limit equal to that standard.
(3) A chain that is marked by the manufacturer in accordance with the table of Working Load Limits under Part 4 - Section 7 has a working load limit equal to the amount shown for the grade and size.
(4) On and after January 1, 2010, a person shall not use a tiedown or a component of a tiedown to secure cargo to a vehicle unless it is marked by the manufacturer with respect to its working load limit.
Unmarked Securing Devices
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(1) This section applies to securing devices used to secure cargo to a vehicle that are not marked by the manufacturer with a working load limit.
(2) Chain has a working load limit equal to that of the same size of Grade 3 Proof Coil under Part 3 section 1.
(3) Synthetic webbing that is not marked by its manufacturer has the working load limit under Part 3 section 2 based on its width.
(4) Wire rope has the working load limit under Part 3 section 3 based on its diameter.
(5) Manila rope has the working load limit under Part 3 section 4 based on its diameter.
(6) Polypropylene fibre rope, polyester fibre rope, nylon rope and double braided nylon rope has the working load limit under Part 3 section 5 based on its diameter.
(7) Synthetic cordage that is not marked or labelled to identify its composition has the working load limit under Part 3 section 5 based on its diameter.
(8) Steel strapping has the working load limit under Part 3 section 6 based on its width.
(9) A friction mat which is not marked by the manufacturer with a working load limit is assumed to provide resistance to horizontal movement equal to 50% of the weight of the cargo resting on the mat.
(10) A tiedown or a component of a tiedown that is not referred to in subsections (2) to (9) has a working load limit equal to the working load limit of the lowest grade or classification assigned under Part 3.
Steel strapping
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(1) Steel strapping that is 2.54 centimetres wide or wider used to secure cargo to a vehicle shall have at least 2 pairs of crimps in each seal
(2) An end-over-end lap joint formed in steel strapping used to secure cargo to a vehicle shall be sealed with at least 2 seals.
Blocking Systems to Prevent Forward Movement
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The aggregate working load limit of the components of a blocking system used as a unique form of securement to prevent an article of cargo from moving forward, including tiedowns used as blocking, shall not be less than 50% of the weight of the article being blocked.
Rub rails
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The securing devices used on or within a vehicle shall, wherever practical, be located inboard the rub rails where the vehicle has rub rails.
Timber
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Timber used on or within a vehicle as dunnage, chocks or cradles or for blocking or bracing shall be strong enough that it will not be split or crushed by the cargo or the tiedowns.
Placement of Articles of Cargo
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Where the articles of cargo on or within a vehicle are placed beside each other and secured by tiedowns that pass over 2 or more articles, the articles shall be
(a) placed in direct contact with each other, or
(b) prevented from moving towards each other while the vehicle is on a highway.
Prevention of Rolling
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Where any cargo or portion thereof may roll, it shall be restrained by chocks, wedges, a cradle or another securing device that prevents the cargo from rolling.
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division 4 - tiedowns |
Tension
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(1) A tiedown used to secure cargo to a vehicle shall be designed, constructed and maintained so that the driver of the vehicle can tighten it.
(2) The driver of a vehicle shall ensure that tiedowns are taut while the vehicle is on a highway.
(3) Subsection (1) does not apply to steel strapping.
(4) A tiedown used to secure cargo to a vehicle shall be used in a manner that prevents the tiedown from slipping, loosening, unfastening, opening or releasing while the vehicle is on a highway.
(5) A tiedown used to secure stacked articles of cargo is considered to contribute to the securement of all articles of cargo on which that tiedown causes pressure.
Edge protectors
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(1) An edge protector shall be used where a tiedown would be subject to abrasion or cutting at the point where it touches an article of cargo.
(2) An edge protector used between a tiedown and cargo shall be resistant to abrasion, cuts and crushing.
(3) An edge protector used between a tiedown and cargo shall allow the tiedown to slide freely when it is tightened or loosened.
Working load limit
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(1) Subject to subsection (2), the working load limit of a tiedown, associated
connector or attachment mechanism is the lesser of
(a) the lowest working load limit of the components, or
(b) the lowest working load limit of the anchor points or associated connector or attachment mechanism to which the tiedown is attached.
(2) The working load limit of a tiedown that includes synthetic webbing is the least
of
(a) the working load limit of the synthetic webbing assembly, or
(b) the lowest working load limit of the components, or
(c) the working load limit of the anchor point to which the tiedown is attached.
Minimum number
22
(1) Subject to subsection (4), cargo transported by a vehicle shall be secured using the number of tiedowns calculated under subsection (2) or (3).
(2) Where an article of cargo is not blocked or immobilized by a front end structure, bulkhead, by other immobilized cargo or by another device that prevents it moving forward, it shall be secured by at least
(a) 1 tiedown where the article is 1.52 metres or shorter and weighs not more than 500 kilograms,
(b) 2 tiedowns where the article is
(i) 1.52 metres or shorter and weighs more than 500 kilograms, or
(ii) longer than 1.52 metres but not longer than 3.04 metres regardless of its weight, or
(c) where the article is longer than 3.04 metres
(i) 2 tiedowns for the first 3.04 metres of length, and
(ii) 1 extra tiedown for each additional 3.04 metres or fraction of 3.04 metres.
(3) Where an article of cargo is blocked or immobilized by a front end structure, bulkhead, by other immobilized cargo or by another device to prevent it moving forward, it shall be secured by at least
(a) 1 tiedown where the article is not longer than 3.04 meters, or
(b) where the article is longer than 3.04 metres
(i) 1 tiedown for the first 3.04 metres of length, and
(ii) 1 extra tiedown for each additional 3.04 metres or fraction of 3.04 metres.
(4) Where a vehicle is transporting machinery or fabricated structural items that
shall be secured by special methods because of their design, size, shape or weight,
the special methods shall:
(a) secured adequately any article of the cargo
(b) be properly used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
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division 5 - front end structures |
Application
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(1) Subjectp to subsection (2), this Division applies to a vehicle transporting cargo that is in contact with the front-end structure of the vehicle.
(2) Where devices are used on a vehicle that perform the same function as the front end structure of a vehicle, the devices shall be at least as strong as and provide the same protection as a front end structure that complies with this Division.
(3) A cab shield is not a front end structure or part of a cargo securement system.
Height and width
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(1) The height of the front end structure of the vehicle shall not be shorter than the
shorter of
(a) the height at which it prevents the cargo from moving forward, and
(b) 122 centimetres above the deck.
(2) The width of the front end structure of a vehicle shall not be narrower than the
narrower of
(a) the width of the vehicle, and
(b) the width at which it prevents the cargo being transported from moving forward.
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Strength
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(1) The front end structure of a vehicle shall be able to withstand a horizontal forward static load equal to 50% of the total weight of the cargo where
(a) the height of the front end structure is shorter than 1.83 metres, and
(b) the cargo is uniformly distributed over all of the front end structure.
(2) The front end structure of a vehicle shall be able to withstand a horizontal forward static load equal to 40% of the total weight of the cargo where
(a) the height of the front end structure is 1.83 metres. or higher, and
(b) the cargo is uniformly distributed over all of the front end structure.
Penetration resistance
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(1) The front-end structure of the vehicle shall be able to resist penetration by an article of cargo that contacts it when the vehicle decelerates at a rate of 6.1 metres per second per second.
(2) The front-end structure of the vehicle shall not have an opening or gap that is big enough to permit an article of cargo to pass through it.
part 2 - specific securement requirements by cargo type |
Applicability
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(1) This Part applies in addition to and not instead of Part 1.
(2) Where a requirement for containing, immobilizing or securing cargo transported by a vehicle required under this Part differs from a requirement under Part 1, the provisions of this Part apply.
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division 1 - logs |
Application
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(1) This Division applies to the transportation of logs that
(a) are not unitized, or
(b) are part of a cargo that has more than 4 processed logs.
(2) This Division does not apply to firewood, stumps, log debris or logs that are transported in a vehicle or container that is enclosed on all sides and strong enough to contain them.
Vehicle transporting logs
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(1) A vehicle that is transporting logs shall be designed, built or specially adapted for such transportation.
(2) The vehicle shall be fitted with bunks, bolsters, stakes or other means of cradling the logs and preventing them from shifting.
(3) Stakes that are not permanently attached to the vehicle frame or bunk shall be secured in a manner that prevents the stakes from separating from the vehicle while it is on a highway.
Log configuration
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(1) Logs shall be solidly packed on a vehicle.
(2) The outer logs in the bottom layer of logs shall touch and rest solidly against a bunk, bolster or stake.
(3) Outside logs on a stack of logs shall
(a) touch at least 2 bunks, bolsters or stakes, or
(b) where one end of a log does not touch a bunk, bolster or stake, it shall
(i) rest on other logs in a stable manner, and
(ii) extend beyond the end of the bunk, bolster or stake.
(4) The centre of the highest outside log on each side or end of the vehicle shall be lower than the tops of the bunks or stakes.
(5) The upper logs that form the top of the cargo shall be crowned.
Securement System
31
Tiedowns must be used to secure the load, in combination with bunks, bolsters, stakes, or other means of cradling the logs.
32
Sections 10(2) and 10(3) do not apply to this Division.
33
Sufficient additional tiedowns or other securing devices shall be used to ensure that no part of the cargo becomes dislodged where
(a) the wood's condition results in such low friction between logs that they may slip against each other, or
(b) a log is not held in place by contact with other logs or by the bunks, bolsters or stakes.
Shortwood loaded crosswise
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(1) This section and sections 35 to 37 apply to shortwood loaded crosswise on a frame, rail or flatbed vehicle other than a pole trailer.
(2) The end of a log in the lower layer of shortwood shall not extend more than 1/3 of the log's total length beyond the nearest supporting structure on the vehicle.
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One stack of shortwood loaded crosswise
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(1) Despite section 22, where only one stack of shortwood is loaded crosswise, the
stack shall be secured by at least 2 tiedowns arranged as follows:
(a) The tiedowns shall attach to the vehicle frame at the front and rear of the load, and shall cross the load lengthwise;
(b) The tiedowns shall be positioned at approximately one-third and two-thirds of the length of the logs;
(2) A vehicle built on or after January 1, 2010 shall be equipped with a device that
maintains a tension not less than 900 kg at all times, and automatically takes up
slack in the tiedown as the logs settle.
Two stacks of shortwood loaded crosswise
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(1) Despite section 22, where two stacks of shortwood are loaded crosswise and
side-by-side on a vehicle, they shall be loaded so that
(a) there is no space between the 2 stacks,
(b) the outside of each stack is raised by a piece of metal at least 25 millimetres high within 10 centimetres of the end of the logs or the side of the vehicle and causes the load to lean toward the centre to the vehicle,
(c) the highest log is not more than 2.44 metres above the deck, and
(d) at least one tiedown used lengthwise across each stack shall
(i) be located approximately midway between the bunks or stakes, and
(ii) attach to the vehicle frame at the front and rear of the load.
(2) A vehicle built on or after January 1, 2010 shall be equipped with a device that maintains a tension not less than 900 kg at all times, and automatically takes up slack in the tiedown as the logs settle.
Long vehicles carrying shortwood loaded crosswise
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(1) A vehicle that is more than 10 metres long transporting shortwood loaded crosswise shall have centre stakes, or comparable structures, that divide its length into two approximately equal sections.
(2) Where the vehicle is divided by centre stakes, each tiedown shall
(a) secure the highest log on each side of the centre stake, and
(b) be fastened below that highest log.
(3) Where the vehicle is divided by centre stakes, each tiedown shall
(a) be fixed at each end and tensioned from the middle,
(b) be fixed in the middle and tensioned from each end, or
(c) pass through a pulley or similar device in the middle of the tiedown and be tensioned from one end.
(4) Where a stake or other structure on a vehicle transporting shortwood loaded
crosswise is subjected to an upward force when the tiedowns are tightened, the
stake or other structure shall be anchored to resist that force.
Shortwood loaded lengthwise
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(1) Despite section 22, each stack of shortwood loaded lengthwise on a frame vehicle or flatbed vehicle, other than a pole trailer, shall be secured to the vehicle by 2 or more tiedowns.
(2) Despite subsection (1), a stack of shortwood loaded lengthwise on a frame vehicle or flatbed vehicle, other than a pole trailer, shall be secured to the vehicle with a single tiedown located approximately midway between the bunks or stakes where all the logs in the stack
(a) are shorter than 3.04 metres,
(b) are blocked in the front by a front end structure strong enough to restrain the
cargo or by another stack, and
(c) are blocked in the rear by another stack or the vehicle's end structure.
(3) The aggregate working limit of tiedowns used to secure each stack shall be at
least 1/6 of the weight of the stack
Longwood loaded lengthwise
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(1) Despite section 22, a stack of longwood loaded lengthwise on a frame or flatbed
vehicle, other than a pole trailer, shall be secured to the vehicle by 2 or more tiedowns.
(2) The aggregate working limit of tiedowns used to secure each stack shall be at least 1/6 of the weight of the stack
(3) The outside logs of a stack of longwood shall be secured by 2 or more tiedowns.
Pole trailers
40
(1) This section applies to logs, regardless of the length of individual logs, transported on pole trailers.
(2) Despite section 22, the logs shall be secured by
(a) one or more tiedowns at each bunk, or
(b) two or more tiedowns used as wrappers that encircle the entire stack of logs at sufficient locations along the stack to secure it effectively.
(3) Where wrappers are used on a stack of logs, the wrappers at the front and rear ends of the stack shall be not less than 3.04 metres apart.
(4) Where the vehicle is transporting one or two logs with diameters greater than 0.6 metre, each logs shall be individually immobilized with chock blocks or an equally effective method that prevents the logs from moving.
(5) Where a log with a diameter greater than 0.6 metre rises above the bunks, it shall be secured to the underlying logs with at least 2 additional tiedowns used as wrappers
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division 2 - dressed lumber |
Application
41
(1) This Division applies to the transportation of
(a) bundles of dressed lumber and packaged lumber, and
(b) unitized building products, including plywood, gypsum board or other materials of similar shape.
(2) For the purpose of this Division, "bundle" means the material referred to in subsection (1).
Side by side
42
Where bundles are placed side by side
(a) bundles shall be in direct contact with each other, or
(b) a method shall be used that prevents the bundles from moving towards each
other.
Securement system for dressed lumber
43
Bundles carried in 2 or more layers shall be secured in accordance with one of sections 44, 45, 46 or 47
Bundles blocked against lateral movement by stakes
44
Bundles carried in 2 or more layers which are blocked against lateral movement by stakes on the sides of the vehicle shall be secured by tiedowns laid out over the top layer, as outlined in the provisions of section 22 of this Standard
Bundles restrained from lateral movement by blocking or high friction devices
45
Bundles carried in 2 or more layers which are restrained from lateral movement by blocking or high friction devices between layers shall be secured by tiedowns laid out over the top tier, as outlined in the provisions of section 22 of this Standard
Bundles placed directly on top of other bundles or on spacers of adequate size and orientation
46
(1) Bundles carried in 2 or more layers placed directly on top of other bundles or on spacers of adequate size and orientation, shall be secured by.
(a) tiedowns over the top layer of bundles, in accordance with provisions of section 22 of this Standard, with a minimum of two tiedowns for bundle(s) longer than 1.52 metres, and
(b) tiedowns over the second layer of bundles, or at 1.85 metres above the vehicle deck, whichever is greater, or not over 1.85 metres above the deck for other multiple layers in accordance with the provisions of section 22 of this Standard, for each stack of bundles composed of more than two layers; and
(2) where spacers are used, then
(a) the length of spacers between bundles shall provide support to all pieces in the bottom row of the bundle, and.
(b) the width of individual spacers shall be equal to or greater than the height, and
(c) spacers shall provide good interlayer friction, and
(d) where spacers are comprised of layers of material, the layers shall be unitized or fastened together in a manner which ensures that the spacer performs as a single piece of material.
Layers of Bundles
47.
Bundles carried in 2 or more layers shall be secured by tiedowns laid out over each layer of bundles, in accordance with the provisions of section 22 of this Standard with a minimum of two tiedowns over each top bundle(s) longer than 1.52 metres, in all other circumstances.
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division 3 - metal coils |
Application
48
This Division applies to a flatbed vehicle or a sided vehicle or intermodal container that is transporting one or more metal coils that individually or grouped together have a total weight of 2,268 kilograms or more.
Coils transported with eyes vertical by a vehicle or an intermodal container with anchor points
49
(1) This section applies to coils transported with the eyes vertical.
(2) Where a vehicle is transporting a single coil or several coils which are not grouped in a row, each coil shall be secured by tiedowns arranged in a manner that prevents the coil from tipping forward, rearward, or sideways. The securement system shall include:
(a) at least 1 tiedown attached diagonally from the left side of the vehicle near the forward-most part of the coil, across the eye of the coil, to the right side of the vehicle near the rearmost part of the coil,
(b) at least 1 tiedown attached diagonally from the right side of the vehicle near the forward-most part of the coil, across the eye of the coil, to the left side of the vehicle near the rearmost part of the coil,
(c) at least 1 tiedown attached across the eye of the coil, and
(d) blocking and bracing, friction mats or tiedowns that prevent the coil moving forward.
(3) Where a vehicle is transporting coils that are grouped and loaded side by side in a transverse or lengthwise row, each row shall be secured by
(a) at least 1 tiedown against the front of the row, restraining against forward movement, and where practical, making an angle of not more than 45 degrees with the deck when viewed from the side,
(b) at least 1 tiedown against the rear of the row , restraining against rearward movement, and where practical, making an angle of not more than 45 degrees with the deck when viewed from the side,
(c) at least one tiedown over the top of each coil or each transverse row of coils, restraining against vertical movement, and
(d) tiedowns shall be arranged to prevent shifting and tipping in the forward, rearward and lateral directions.
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(4) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) a tiedown going over the top of a coil shall be
as close as practical to the eye of the coil.
Coils transported with eyes crosswise by a vehicle or an intermodal container with anchor points
50
(1) This section applies to coils transported with the eyes crosswise.
(2) Each coil shall be immobilized with timbers, chocks or wedges, a cradle or other device that
(a) prevents the coil from rolling,
(b) supports the coil off the deck, and
(c) is not capable of becoming unfastened or loose while the vehicle is on a highway.
(3) Where timbers, chocks or wedges are used to secure a coil, they shall be held in place by coil bunks or similar devices to prevent the blocking device from coming loose.
(4) Each coil shall be secured with
(a) at least 1 tiedown through its eye, restricting against forward movement, and where practical, making an angle of not more than 45 degrees with the deck when viewed from the side, and
(b) at least one tiedown through its eye, restricting against rearward movement, and where practical, making an angle of not more than 45 degrees with the deck when viewed from the side.
Coils transported with eyes lengthwise by a vehicle or an intermodal container with anchor points
51
An individual metal coil transported with the eye lengthwise shall be secured in
accordance with one of sections 52, 53 or 54.
52
(1) Each coil shall be immobilized by timbers, chocks or wedges, a cradle or another
method that
(a) prevents the coil from rolling,
(b) supports the coil off the deck, and
(c) is not capable of becoming unfastened or loose while the vehicle is on a highway.
(2) Where timbers, chocks or wedges are used to secure a coil, they shall be held
in place by coil bunks or similar devices to prevent the blocking device from coming
loose.
(3) Each coil shall be secured with
(a) at least 1 tiedown attached diagonally through its eye from the left side of the vehicle near the forward-most part of the coil, to the right side of the vehicle near the rearmost part of the coil, making an angle of not more than 45 degrees, where practical, with the deck when viewed from the side,
(b) at least 1 tiedown attached diagonally through its eye, from the right side of the vehicle near the forward-most part of the coil, to the left side
of the vehicle near the rearmost part of the coil, making an angle of not
more than 45 degrees, where practical, with the deck when viewed from the side,
(c) at least 1 tiedown attached across the top of the coil, and
(d) blocking or friction mats to prevent a coil from moving lengthwise.
53
(1) Each coil shall be immobilized by timbers, chocks or wedges, a cradle or another
method that
(a) prevents the coil from rolling,
(b) supports the coil off the deck, and
(c) is not capable of becoming unfastened or loose while the vehicle is on a highway.
(2) Where timbers, chocks or wedges are used to secure a coil, they shall be held in place by coil bunks or similar devices to prevent the blocking device from coming
loose.
(3) Each coil shall be secured with
(a) at least 1 tiedown attached straight through its eye from the left side of the vehicle near the forward-most part of the coil, to the left side of the vehicle near the rearmost part of the coil and, where practical, making an angle of not more than 45 degrees with the deck when viewed from the side,
(b) at least 1 tiedown attached straight through its eye, from the right side of the vehicle near the forward-most part of the coil, to the right side of the vehicle near the rearmost part of the coil and, where practical, making an angle of not more than 45 degrees with the deck when viewed from the side,
(c) at least 1 tiedown attached across the top of the coil, and
(d) blocking or friction mats to prevent the coil from moving lengthwise.
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54
(1) Each coil shall be immobilized by timbers, chocks or wedges, a cradle or another
method that
(a) prevents the coil from rolling,
(b) supports the coil off the deck, and
(c) is not capable of becoming unfastened or loose while the vehicle is on a highway.
(2) Where timbers, chocks or wedges are used to secure a coil, they shall be held in place by coil bunks or similar devices to prevent the blocking device from coming loose.
(3) Each coil shall be secured by
(a) at least 1 tiedown over the top of the coil, located near the forwardmost part of the coil,
(b) at least 1 tiedown over the top of the coil located near the rearmost part of the coil, and
(c) blocking or friction mats to prevent the coil from moving lengthwise.
Rows of coils
55
(1) This section applies to the transportation of transverse rows of metal coils with
eyes lengthwise and with approximately equal outside diameters.
(2) A transverse row of coils shall be immobilized by timbers, chocks or wedges, a
cradle or another method that
(a) prevents the coils from rolling,
(b) supports the coils off the deck, and
(c) is not capable of becoming unfastened or loose while the vehicle is on a highway.
(3) Where timbers, chocks or wedges are used to secure a row of coils, they shall
be held in place by coil bunks or similar devices to prevent the blocking device from
coming loose.
(4) A transverse row of coils shall be secured by
(a) at least 1 tiedown over the top of each coil, located near the forward-most part of the coil,
(b) at least 1 tiedown over the top of each coil, located near the rearmost part of the coil, and
(c) blocking or friction mats to prevent each coil from moving lengthwise.
Prohibitions
56
The use of nailed wood blocking or cleats as the sole means to secure timbers,
chocks or wedges, or a nailed wood cradle is prohibited when metal coils are
transported with eyes lengthwise or eyes crosswise by a vehicle or an intermodal
container with anchor points.
57
When coils are transported with eyes crosswise, attaching tiedowns diagonally
through the eye of a coil to form an X pattern when viewed from above the vehicle
is prohibited.
Securement of Coils Transported in a Sided Vehicle or Intermodal Container without Anchor Points
58
Metal coils shall be secured in a manner to prevent shifting and tipping using a
system of blocking and bracing, friction mats, tiedowns, or a combination of these.
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division 4 - paper rolls |
Application
59
(1) This Division applies to the transportation of paper rolls which individually or together weigh 2,268 kilograms or more.
(2) Paper rolls may be secured in accordance with this Division where:
(a) the total weight is less than 2 268 kilograms, and
(b) a single or several paper rolls are unitized on a pallet.
Friction mats
60
A friction mat used to provide the principal securement for a paper roll shall protrude
from beneath the roll in the direction in which it is providing that securement.
Chocks, wedges and blocking
61
Chocks, wedges or blocking used to secure paper rolls shall not shift or become unfastened while the vehicle is on a highway.
Banding
62
Where paper rolls are banded together,
(a) the rolls shall be placed tightly against each other to form a stable group,
(b) the banding shall be applied tightly and remain so, and
(c) the banding shall be secured so that it cannot fall off the rolls or to the deck.
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Single layer of paper rolls transported eyes vertical in a sided vehicle
63
(1) This section applies to paper rolls that are transported with the eyes vertical in a single layer in a sided vehicle.
(2) The paper rolls shall be placed tightly against the front and both side walls of the vehicle, other paper rolls or other cargo.
(3) Where there are not enough paper rolls in a group of paper rolls to reach the walls of the vehicle, void fillers, blocking, bracing, tiedowns or friction mats shall be used to prevent the rolls moving sideways.
(4) Paper rolls may be banded together.
(5) Where a space behind a group of paper rolls, including that at the rear of the
vehicle, exceeds the diameter of the paper rolls, the rolls shall be prevented from
moving rearward by blocking, bracing, tiedowns or friction mats or by banding the
last roll to other rolls.
(6) A paper roll shall be prevented from tipping or falling sideways or rearwards by banding it to other rolls or by using bracing or tiedowns where
(a) the vehicle's structure or other cargo does not prevent the roll from tipping or falling sideways or rearwards, and
(b) the width of the roll is more than 2 times its diameter.
(7) A single paper roll or the forward most roll in a group of paper rolls shall be prevented from tipping or falling forward by banding it to other rolls or by using bracing or tiedowns where
(a) the vehicle's structure or other cargo does not prevent the roll from tipping or falling forward,
(b) the roll is restrained against moving forward only by friction mats, and
(c) the width of the roll is more than 1.75 times its diameter.
(8) A single paper roll or the forward most roll in a group of rolls shall be prevented
from tipping or falling forward by banding it to other rolls or by using bracing or
tiedowns where
(a) the vehicle's structure or other cargo does not prevent the roll from tipping or falling forward, and
(b) the width of the roll is more than 1.25 times its diameter
Split cargo of paper rolls transported with eyes vertical in a sided vehicle
64
(1) This section applies to split cargo of paper rolls transported with the eyes vertical in a sided Vehicle
(2) Where a paper roll in a split cargo of paper rolls transported with the eyes vertical in a sided vehicle is not prevented from moving forward by the vehicle's structure or other cargo, it shall be prevented from moving forward
(a) by filling the open space,
(b) by using blocking, bracing, tiedowns, friction mats, or
(c) by using a combination of the methods in clauses (a) and (b).
Stacked cargo of paper rolls transported with eyes vertical in a sided vehicle
65
(1) This section applies to stacked cargo of paper rolls transported with the eyes
vertical in a sided vehicle.
(2) Section 63 applies to the bottom layer in a stacked cargo of paper rolls.
(3) Paper rolls shall not be loaded on top of another layer unless the layer beneath
extends to the front of the vehicle.
(4) Paper rolls in the 2nd and subsequent layers shall be prevented from moving
forward, rearward or sideways
(a) in accordance with section 63, or
(b) by using a blocking roll from a lower layer.
(5) A blocking roll used to prevent forward, rearward or sideways movement shall
be
(a) at least 38 millimetres taller than other rolls, or
(b) raised at least 38 millimetres using dunnage or another method.
(6) Despite subsection (5), a roll at the rear end of a layer of rolls shall not
be raised using dunnage.
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